مجله زیست شناسی جانوری
سال چهارم شماره 4 (تابستان 1391)

Limblesslizards (family Anguidae) are similar to Snakes. These Lizards have ear openings and movable eyelids and easily identified from snakes. There are 2 limbless lizards In Iran. One of these species is Glass Snake،Pseudopus apodus. Its local name is Petelus، Lousmar، Kare rouf، Kay sar and Lors in the north of Iran. We studied 31adults، 10 juveniles based on 9 morphometric and 3 meristic and some morphological characters from Golestan (20)، Mazandaran (20) Guilan (1) provinces. Results revealed that this species have a deep latral groove from behind of head to vent. The ratio of head and body to tail was 0. 58 – 0. 69 (mean 0. 62) in 21 adults and this ratio was 0. 53-0. 66 (mean 0. 58) in 10 juveniles with original tail. Supralabial scales was 9- 12 (mean 11. 01) in 10 juveniles and in 31 adults. Dorsal and ventral scales of mid body were constant in all juveniles and adults (12 in darsal and 10 in ventral part of lateral groove. Tail of all juveniles (%100) and 11 (%34. 3) from 31 adults were original and complete. It was seen some shells of pulmonte gastropod snails in the feces of this species.

Today tendency to administration of nervous stimulating drugs is one of the problems of human societies. Ecstasy is a neurotoxin that drives from amphetamines. This substance can produce a depression of cell brain function and alteration in several neurotransmittes. This article focuses on the effect of this drug on passive avoidance learning and memory. In this research 40 vistar rat were divided into 5 group (n=8). Control groupreceived no drug. Sham group received serum as soluble of drug and 3 other groups were pretreated with 5، 10 and 20 mg/kg Ecstasy oral. After 22 days passive avoidance learning were surveyed with Shuttle box and step through latency (STL) and total (TLC) were measured. Results were investigated with ANOVA test. In all groups that received Ecstasy، STL and TLC significantly decresed in dose dependent manner (p< 0. 05). It is necessary to consider longer STL and TLC means better learning and memory. Results of this study shows that learning and memory deficits in Ecstasy users.

خلاصه لاتين مقاله: The effects of anesthetic concentration، duration of anesthesia and return of clove oil with concentration of 50، 100، 150 and 200 mg per liter on female guppy were studied. Five Guppy fish with a weight under 1 gr were taken for each concentration. After preparation of thyme essential oil concentration in the container، fish individually transferred to a container containing the anesthetic solution and loss of balance and anesthesia times were recorded. Results showed that increasing concentration of anesthetic، the anesthesia faster and slower recovery process occurs so that the concentration of l50 and 200 mg clove oil، fish were anesthetized and the guppies in less than a minute recovery in clean water to concentration of 50 and 100 mg occurred more slowly. Stage of recovery in fresh water to concentration of 50 and 100 mg occurred more slowly.

Mond protected area with an area of 52289 hectares is located in 180 Km’s of southeast of Bushehr city، Bushehr province، in south of Iran. Its geographical positions are 51° 15´ to 51° 35´ E and 27° 15´ to 28° 45´ N. This paper presents data from a ten-year (2002-2011) monitoring of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader''s fauna population and species diversity in Mond protected area. During a 10 periods from 2002 to 2011، a total of 59397 wetland birds composed of 73 species from 6 orders and 15 families of the bird’s fauna of Iran were observed during the course of this study. The most common species counted was the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) with a total of 18902 individuals. The results indicated that among families of migratory wintering waterfowl and waders in Mond protected area the largest family was Phalacrocoracidaewith 31. 82 percent abundance and the lowest was Podicipedidae with 0. 03 percent. In these periods of studying، year of 2007 with 19858 individuals has the highest population numbers and year of 2008 with 194 individuals has the lowest. The highest and lowest species richness recording in years of 2009 and 2008 with 47 and 15 species respectively. The results showed that in this period wader''s fauna with 64. 2 percent and waterfowl fauna with 35. 8 percent respectively has the highest and lowest abundances. According to the results of species diversity and evenness the year of 2009 has the highest biodiversity of migratory wintering waterfowl and wader''s fauna in Mond protected area and year of 2011 has the lowest biodiversity (P < 0. 05).

Thequality of fish meat is affected by many factors including nutrition and food consumption. In this research، carcass quality of Pangassius hypopthalmus، with diet of Biomar، calf heart، Gammarus، Artemia، and Tubifex was studied. This study was counducted for 8 weeks and five treatments: treatment 1: Biomar، treatment 2: Calf heart، treatment 3: Gammarus، treatment 4: Artemia، treatment 5: Tubifex. The 450 fish with average weight of 0. 63 g and average length of 3. 79 cm was conducted in 5 groups and were cultured for 8 weeks. Amount of food required according to the weight of the biomass and 10 % of body weight four times a day in 8:00، 12:00، 16:00 and 20:00 h. Physico-chemical parameters such as oxygen، hardness، pH، temperature were at saturation، dh 350، 7. 5 - 8 and 29 ± 2 0C، respectively. To measure various factors including crude protein، crude fat and ash by semi-automatic and automatic machines soxhlet and electric furnace (temprature of 55 0C for 6 hours) were used. The results showed that the quality of fish carcasses that percentage of carcass moisture and ash، there is a significant difference between treatments (P < 0. 05).

CheshmekileRiver in the southern Caspian Sea is an important and valuable habitat for migrating species and birth collect valuable fisheries such as salmon trutta caspius and Rutilus frisii kutuIn. In the present study، to assess the quality of river water Cheshmekile Tonekabon in the year 1389-1390 based on macroinvertebrates fauna River studies at four stations within twelve sampling intervals with surber level 0. 1m2 and three replicate were performed. The study of 47 families belonging to 15 order and six category macroinvertebrate in the River was identified. Indicator of biodiversity in the River is among the highest diversity of aquatic insect larvae simultaneous sampling benthic some of physical and chemical factors such as water temperature of BOD5 and TDS were measured at stations that the above factors in the stations were significantly different at 0. 05. Probability level (p>0. 05) did not show. Results show that the order Diptera and Ephemeroptera were organismsat all stations. Maximum abundance of organism at this time to a station 1 with 44% and minimum of 16% were related to the station 4. Kruskal Wallis test order index invertebrates order Plecoptera، Trichoptera، Ephemeroptera، Other in stations throughout is the year indicators a significant difference between the confidence level of 0. 05 (p<0. 05) but the family Chironomidae at four stations during the year showed no significant difference between stations. The investigation showed that the minimum mean EPT/CHIR owned station 4 with 0. 79 and the maximum is 3. 32 to station 1. Based on biological indicators Hinselhof (HFBI) during the years the station 1 has a very good quality condition، station 2 has a status of good quality، and station 3 has a with an average of stations 4 and the conditions were relatively poor. Results showed that the four stations due to pressure from domestic and municipal sewage and wastewater، machine shops، laundering، branch fish sales and discharge of urban waste in the river with a high pollution load sand and gravel plants، legal and illegal removal of sand from the river bed is relatively weak in terms of seasons creates.

Celery (Apium graveolens) has many therapeutic effects. This plant has many phytoestrogens that can affect on the reproductive endocrine system and can reduce fertility. In this study، Hydro alcoholic extracts of celery leaves on the pituitary -gonad axis in male mice of Balb/C was investigated. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (three treatment groups، placebo and control). Celery leaves hydro alcoholic extract in different doses (50، 100،150 mg/kg/2day) was injected (IP) for 20 days. The Placebo group was used for injection of normal saline. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups (three treatment groups، placebo and control). Celery leaves hydro alcoholic extract in different doses (50، 100،150 mg/kg/2day) was injected (IP) for 20 days. The Placebo group was used for injection of normal saline. After 10 injections، samples bloods were analyzed for FSH، LH and testosterone using RIA method and compared with control groups. Concentrations of FSH in 100 and 150 mg/kg decreased significantly while LH and testosterone concentrations in all experimental groups decreased (P<0. 05). This study showed dose-dependent negative effect of celery extracts in the pituitary - gonad axis in male mice.

To day use of cosmetics is spread widely by human societies. Information about the health risks that might be associated with lipstick consumption effects is scarce in the literature. The present work investigated the health effects of exposure to lipstick on the disposition of lead (Pb) in kidney of rats. First، Lead contents were determined in 12 different brands of lipsticks using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled to graphite tube atomizer after an acid digestion procedure. Lead was detected in all the studied samples. Then، one brand was selected for feeding to the rats and amount of oral exposing in the three doses was calculated. Sixty rats were used for the experiment. Animals were divided into 4 groups of 15 animals each. While 1group served as control group، the remaining 3 groups were exposed to lipstick through oral gavage for 90 days. Results show that، exposure to the lipstick cause significantly disposition of lead in the kidney of rats and since that study used a dosing regimen similar to 90 days used here، any estimates of kidney concentrations of lead should be revised upward. These might put consumers at the risk of lead poisoning.